Viewing and test driving a car can be very daunting, particularly if you’re not mechanically minded. So how do you know what to look for when buying a used car?
Thankfully we’ve put together a comprehensive and printable used car inspection checklist for you to follow. By following our guidance, you’ll be in a much better position to spot possible issues, and get the best deal when buying a second hand car.
Before viewing a used car, you’ll need to do some research so that you know what to look out for on the day.
It’s important to uncover common issues that the car you’re looking to buy may suffer from. Find owners forums online; they’re a goldmine of information. Current owners are best placed to advise what may go wrong, and how costly it may be if they do.
You may not even need to ask the question yourself, as it’s likely many people before you have had the same concerns. Just browse the threads, and make a note of any common issues you come across.
Look up online reviews and videos of the car you’re looking to purchase. This will give you a greater breadth of knowledge, and it will again help you identify anything that you may want to check when viewing the car yourself.
Value for money is always an important factor when purchasing a used car. Look up prices of similar cars and get a feel for the market.
Take into consideration whether the sales are from private or trade sellers, as trade sales will generally command a higher price tag.
Before viewing a used car, you’ll want a rough idea of how much it’s going to cost you to run.
Service intervals and costs, general maintenance, spare parts, and insurance costs all add up in the long-run, so get a rough idea of these before viewing. The owners forums and online reviews can help you again here.
Fuel efficiency is another important cost, particularly if you’re going to be putting a lot of miles on the clock.
There are various factors you need to consider when planning to view and test drive a used car.
If you’re buying from a dealer then this is fairly straightforward. However, if you’re buying from a private seller it becomes trickier.
You should always try and view the car at the home of the seller. There are three reasons for this:
Also, always arrange the visit during daylight hours. Darkness can hide a number of issues, including bodywork damage.
Based on the online research you’ve done, come up with an idea of how much you think the car is worth and what you’re willing to pay.
This may differ slightly once you’ve viewed the car, but it’s good to go in with a ballpark figure in your mind.
There will be plenty of time to ask questions when you’re viewing the car, but it’s a good idea to ask some initial questions before arranging the viewing to ensure you’re not wasting your time.
If the answer to question 1 is yes, you’ll need to consider whether you’d be happy to buy a car that has previously had potentially serious repairs. If the repairs weren’t carried out well, it could mean the car is dangerous to drive.
If the answer to questions 2 or 3 is no, you’ll need to consider why not. There may be a good reason, but the seller could be trying to hide something from you.
We’ve included all of the main points in a handy PDF document for you to download here. You can take this with you to view the car, and check things off as you go.
But here are the details on what you’ll need to check:
Walk around the car scanning for any defects in the bodywork. Crouch at each corner and look along the lines of the car; are there any dents, chips or ripples?
If you do spot rippling in any of the panels, you can use the magnet test (video below) to check if it’s been repaired and filled before.
Is it clean and does it look like it’s been well maintained? Check for signs of rust, particularly at the corners where the windshield is attached.
Use the dipstick to check the oil level and color. It should be a dark brown color. If it’s lighter in color, it’s likely to have just been changed. If the oil is gritty, it could be a sign of an issue waiting to happen.
Check the oil filler cap for signs of a mayonnaise-like substance. This could indicate the head gasket is on the way out; a costly fix.
Power steering and brake fluids should be between the minimum and maximum markers.
Examine the drive belts and run your hand over them to check they’re not damaged in any way.
Feel the hoses leading to the radiator and other areas to ensure the rubber isn’t solid. Any white staining is a sign of possible problems in the future.
Modern cars have a sealed cooling system, so they shouldn’t need to be topped up with coolant. Check the level in the reservoir is between the min & max markers.
If the engine is cold, open the cap and take a look at the color of the coolant. It comes in a variety of colors, including blue, green, and red, but make sure it looks clean. It shouldn’t be rusty or milky colored.
Check the area around the battery terminals for rust (some are located in the trunk).
You can also check the battery’s charge if you bring a multimeter with you. Fully charged car batteries should be at 12.6 volts or above. Multimeters are very cheap to buy, and can help you spot any potential issues with the alternator… which you definitely don’t want!
Turn the key in the ignition, but don’t start the car yet. Is the temperature gauge showing that the car has been warmed beforehand? If so, the seller could have purposely warmed it up to try and hide something.
If the engine is cold, check that it starts well. Leave it running for a while to test if it comes up to temperature nicely. The gauge should rise to the midpoint and stay there. If it keeps going and the car starts overheating, there is a serious issue.
Once the engine is warm, switch it off and start it again to ensure the car starts well when warm.
Once you get out on the road, check the clutch for signs of wear. This is one of the most essential parts, and is likely to be very costly if it needs replacing.
Pay attention to any unusual noises, smells or slippage. It should also pull away cleanly every time, not judder.
The gears should all select cleanly with no crunching or grinding noises. If you’re testing a manual car, the gear stick should center itself in neutral.
If you’re testing an automatic car, ensure all the changes are smooth and there’s no delay in gear engagement.
If the car you’re testing has power steering, it should be easy to operate and not feel too heavy. Also listen out for any unusual noises whilst steering.
You will need to ensure the car is tracking correctly. Note whether there are any vibrations through the wheel as you’re driving, and whether the steering wheel sits off center when driving straight.
If it’s safe to do so (perhaps in a quiet car park), take your hands away from the wheel as you’re moving to see whether the car pulls to one side.
When it’s safe to do so, test the brakes by pushing hard on the brake pedal. Note whether there are any vibrations, grinding noises, and whether the car pulls to one side.
Are the brakes responsive, or does the pedal sink to the floor? If it’s the latter, there could be a leak in the braking system.
Park on a slope and engage the handbrake whilst in neutral. The car should remain in place if the handbrake is in good condition.
Is the engine running smoothly, or is it sounding rough? Be sure to turn the radio off and close the windows when driving so that you can focus on the engine noise.
Note any unusual sounds coming from the engine, and investigate further if necessary. You can also park up safely and pop the hood open to listen out for anything amiss.
Are you happy with the way the car drives in general? Does it provide the performance you expected, and is it comfortable enough for you? Did anything irritate you, or would you be happy doing long journeys?
It’s important to ask the right questions of the seller when buying a used car. Here are some basic questions that will help you in your purchasing decision.
This is a great question to test the seller’s response. Is it just that they’ve owned the car for a long time and are looking for something new, or are they looking to offload a problematic vehicle?
Generally, the lower the better. If the car has had a large number of previous owners, it could again suggest that it has caused issues for people in the past.
Looking through a used car’s paperwork can give you vital clues as to how well the previous owners maintained the vehicle. You should look out for proof of service history (service intervals can be researched online or found in the car’s handbook) and invoices for any work carried out.
Check the VIN specified in the documentation matches the number stamped on the car’s chassis. There are plenty of online services that allow you to check the history of the vehicle using the VIN.
These services also identify reports of damage and protect you against buying a stolen car.
In an ideal world, the car will have been kept in a garage whilst not in use to protect it from the elements. It’s not the end of the world if this isn’t the case, but if it’s been kept on a busy road there may be more chance of paintwork damage than if it’s been kept on a driveway.
You can also ask to examine the area where the vehicle has been kept for any signs of residue that may have leaked from the car.
Sellers often try and hide previous accident damage, so it’s good to catch them off-guard with this question. Of course, if it’s a dishonest seller they may not tell you the truth, so be sure to do the bodywork tests mentioned earlier in this article for peace of mind.
Some people like to add their own personal touches to their vehicles, which is fine whilst it’s under their ownership. However, their taste may not match yours, so you’ll need to check you’re happy with any modifications that have been made, or you’ll end up with the additional cost of reversing the changes.
An honest seller should always include any issues in the description, but often adverts don’t provide enough space to do so. Asking this question ensures that you’re fully informed before making your purchasing decision.
There are often multiple cars on the market at varying prices, so how do you ensure you’re getting the best deal on the car you’ve chosen?
You’ll have done your research before viewing the car, so ensure you have a good understanding of what you think it’s worth in comparison to other similar vehicles. Come with a budget in mind.
Make a note of all the issues you come across as you’re looking at the car, and once you’ve test driven it. Take the seller through each of the issues and use them as a negotiating point to drive the price down.
If you’re making an offer, start lower than your maximum budget. It’s likely the seller will make a counter offer.
You may have your heart set on the vehicle you’re viewing, but if the seller isn’t willing to meet your valuation then be prepared to walk away.
There will be more on the market, and the seller may well get back in contact at a later stage to renegotiate.
Small extras can add up. You could ask the seller to fill the fuel tank before taking it off their hands, for example. They may be willing to do this if it gets the deal over the line.
If you’re buying from a dealer, you could ask for the car to be serviced before you buy it. You may also want them to provide a warranty.
If you’ve viewing a car but aren’t able to drive it away the same day, be prepared to put down a deposit.
Sellers often come across ‘tire-kickers’ and will be unwilling to take the car off the market on your word alone. You have a much better chance of reserving the car if you can offer them a deposit on the day.
A bank transfer is better than cash as there’s an electronic trail, and always ask the seller for a receipt. Particularly if you’re buying privately.
Be aware of common tricks that car sellers pull, and don’t give in to high-pressure tactics.
Most of all, stay safe. There are a lot of scammers out there and if something doesn’t feel right, walk away.
Gut feeling is critical in any car purchase, and if something seems too good to be true, it often is.
Don’t hesitate to take a few days to think about whether you want to make an offer, even if you really liked the car you just viewed.
There are plenty of ways that you can prepare yourself for viewing a used car, but most importantly:
There’s always an element of risk when buying a used vehicle, but if you follow our guide and take our checklist with you on the day, you are seriously reducing the chances of getting burnt.
